A Christmas Gift from Santa Claus
For Students Preparing for UGC NET Folk Literature. Jan 3, 2026 | Code 71
Syllabus of UGC NET Folk Literature (Paper 2)
Unit-wise MCQs
UNIT 10: COMPARATIVE FOLKLORE, GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES, AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Q1. Comparative folklore studies aim to
(A) Rank cultures
(B) Compare folklore across cultures
(C) Eliminate differences
(D) Canonize texts
Correct Answer: (B)
Q2. The comparative method in folklore was strongly influenced by
(A) Structuralism
(B) Evolutionism and diffusionism
(C) Performance theory
(D) Feminism
Correct Answer: (B)
Q3. Early comparative folklorists primarily compared
(A) Performance contexts
(B) Textual motifs and tale types
(C) Audience reactions
(D) Media representations
Correct Answer: (B)
Q4. The main risk of comparative folklore is
(A) Over-documentation
(B) Ignoring cultural context
(C) Excessive theory
(D) Lack of data
Correct Answer: (B)
Q5. Comparative folklore requires sensitivity to
(A) Grammar
(B) Cultural specificity
(C) Canon formation
(D) Literary value
Correct Answer: (B)
Q6. Motif comparison across cultures helps scholars understand
(A) Performance style
(B) Shared narrative patterns
(C) Ritual accuracy
(D) Canonical authority
Correct Answer: (B)
Q7. Tale-type comparison is most closely associated with
(A) Performance studies
(B) Historical–geographic method
(C) Feminist theory
(D) Postmodernism
Correct Answer: (B)
Q8. Comparative folklore today emphasizes
(A) Hierarchy
(B) Contextualized comparison
(C) Cultural ranking
(D) Uniformity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q9. Global folklore studies recognize folklore as
(A) Static tradition
(B) Dynamic and adaptive
(C) Written heritage
(D) Canonical text
Correct Answer: (B)
Q10. Transnational folklore refers to folklore that
(A) Is localized only
(B) Crosses national boundaries
(C) Is fixed
(D) Is ancient
Correct Answer: (B)
Q11. Migration influences folklore by
(A) Eliminating tradition
(B) Transforming and adapting narratives
(C) Fixing texts
(D) Ending performance
Correct Answer: (B)
Q12. Diasporic folklore helps communities
(A) Forget origins
(B) Maintain cultural identity
(C) Assimilate fully
(D) Reject tradition
Correct Answer: (B)
Q13. Comparative folklore must avoid
(A) Theory
(B) Ethnocentrism
(C) Fieldwork
(D) Documentation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q14. Ethnocentrism in folklore studies means
(A) Cultural appreciation
(B) Judging other cultures by one’s own standards
(C) Community collaboration
(D) Ethical practice
Correct Answer: (B)
Q15. Globalization affects folklore by
(A) Eliminating it
(B) Creating new hybrid forms
(C) Fixing tradition
(D) Ending variation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q16. Hybrid folklore forms emerge due to
(A) Isolation
(B) Cultural interaction
(C) Canonization
(D) Fixity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q17. Comparative folklore studies benefit from
(A) Single theory
(B) Interdisciplinary approaches
(C) Textual purity
(D) Canon formation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q18. Cross-cultural comparison should focus on
(A) Similarities only
(B) Differences only
(C) Both similarities and differences
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (C)
Q19. Comparative folklore today emphasizes
(A) Origin tracing only
(B) Cultural processes
(C) Textual ranking
(D) Diffusion maps alone
Correct Answer: (B)
Q20. World folklore studies aim to
(A) Create a single canon
(B) Understand global cultural diversity
(C) Rank traditions
(D) Eliminate variation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q21. UNESCO’s global approach to folklore focuses on
(A) Canonization
(B) Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage
(C) Structural analysis
(D) Literary value
Correct Answer: (B)
Q22. Intangible cultural heritage includes
(A) Buildings
(B) Practices, expressions, and skills
(C) Written laws
(D) Paintings
Correct Answer: (B)
Q23. Safeguarding folklore globally requires
(A) Fixing forms
(B) Supporting living traditions
(C) Eliminating change
(D) Archiving alone
Correct Answer: (B)
Q24. Comparative folklore and anthropology intersect through
(A) Canon formation
(B) Cultural relativism
(C) Ethnocentrism
(D) Textual hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q25. Cultural relativism means
(A) Ranking cultures
(B) Understanding cultures on their own terms
(C) Eliminating comparison
(D) Rejecting theory
Correct Answer: (B)
Q26. Comparative folklore must recognize
(A) Universal hierarchy
(B) Power relations
(C) Canonical authority
(D) Textual purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q27. Postcolonial approaches to folklore critique
(A) Oral tradition
(B) Colonial bias in interpretation
(C) Fieldwork
(D) Performance
Correct Answer: (B)
Q28. Postcolonial folklore studies aim to
(A) Reinforce colonial categories
(B) Recover indigenous perspectives
(C) Eliminate comparison
(D) Fix meaning
Correct Answer: (B)
Q29. Decolonizing folklore studies involves
(A) Rejecting all theory
(B) Questioning Eurocentric frameworks
(C) Avoiding comparison
(D) Ending documentation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q30. Indigenous methodologies emphasize
(A) Researcher authority
(B) Community knowledge systems
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structural purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q31. Global folklore studies must consider
(A) Single narrative
(B) Multiple voices
(C) Canonical texts
(D) Structural hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q32. Digital globalization affects folklore by
(A) Fixing forms
(B) Accelerating circulation
(C) Ending tradition
(D) Eliminating context
Correct Answer: (B)
Q33. Internet folklore is global because it
(A) Is written
(B) Spreads rapidly across cultures
(C) Is canonical
(D) Is ritualized
Correct Answer: (B)
Q34. Comparative study of digital folklore requires
(A) Textual editing
(B) Media literacy
(C) Canon formation
(D) Evolutionary theory
Correct Answer: (B)
Q35. Memes across cultures demonstrate
(A) Uniform meaning
(B) Shared formats with local variation
(C) Canonical authority
(D) Fixed texts
Correct Answer: (B)
Q36. Global popular culture interacts with folklore through
(A) Isolation
(B) Adaptation and remixing
(C) Elimination
(D) Canonization
Correct Answer: (B)
Q37. Comparative folklore must address issues of
(A) Ownership
(B) Representation
(C) Power
(D) All of the above
Correct Answer: (D)
Q38. Global folklore studies challenge the idea that folklore is
(A) Dynamic
(B) Rural only
(C) Social
(D) Cultural
Correct Answer: (B)
Q39. Urban folklore worldwide shows that folklore is
(A) Declining
(B) Modern and evolving
(C) Static
(D) Written
Correct Answer: (B)
Q40. Comparative folklore and migration studies intersect through
(A) Canon formation
(B) Transnational narratives
(C) Textual ranking
(D) Structural purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q41. Diaspora folklore often blends
(A) Host culture only
(B) Homeland and host culture elements
(C) Canonical texts
(D) Fixed rituals
Correct Answer: (B)
Q42. Comparative folklore should avoid treating similarities as
(A) Meaningful
(B) Coincidental only
(C) Hierarchical proof
(D) Cultural insight
Correct Answer: (C)
Q43. Contemporary folklore studies emphasize
(A) Fixity
(B) Change and continuity
(C) Decline
(D) Canon
Correct Answer: (B)
Q44. Global perspectives in folklore highlight
(A) Cultural uniformity
(B) Cultural diversity
(C) Canon formation
(D) Literary hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q45. Comparative folklore today integrates
(A) Performance, context, and theory
(B) Text only
(C) Archive only
(D) Origin tracing only
Correct Answer: (A)
Q46. Comparative studies must be cautious about
(A) Collaboration
(B) Oversimplification
(C) Documentation
(D) Ethics
Correct Answer: (B)
Q47. Global folklore studies often use
(A) Single-discipline methods
(B) Interdisciplinary frameworks
(C) Canon formation
(D) Textual criticism only
Correct Answer: (B)
Q48. Folklore circulation across borders can lead to
(A) Cultural loss only
(B) Cultural transformation
(C) Fixity
(D) Canonization
Correct Answer: (B)
Q49. Comparative folklore helps scholars understand
(A) Cultural isolation
(B) Human creativity across cultures
(C) Canon formation
(D) Literary hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q50. Global folklore perspectives encourage
(A) Cultural hierarchy
(B) Mutual understanding
(C) Canon formation
(D) Fixity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q51. Comparative folklore research requires
(A) Neutrality without context
(B) Ethical awareness
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structural ranking
Correct Answer: (B)
Q52. World folklore studies emphasize
(A) One global culture
(B) Plurality of traditions
(C) Canonical authority
(D) Uniform meaning
Correct Answer: (B)
Q53. Contemporary issues in folklore include
(A) Digital media
(B) Intellectual property
(C) Cultural appropriation
(D) All of the above
Correct Answer: (D)
Q54. Cultural appropriation becomes a concern when folklore is
(A) Shared ethically
(B) Used without consent
(C) Documented
(D) Performed locally
Correct Answer: (B)
Q55. Global folklore studies stress the importance of
(A) Community agency
(B) Researcher authority
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structural purity
Correct Answer: (A)
Q56. Comparative folklore must be reflexive about
(A) Grammar
(B) Researcher position
(C) Canon formation
(D) Textual hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q57. Global folklore research recognizes folklore as
(A) Commodity only
(B) Cultural heritage
(C) Canonical text
(D) Written literature
Correct Answer: (B)
Q58. Comparative folklore studies benefit from collaboration between
(A) Scholars only
(B) Scholars and communities
(C) Archivists only
(D) Editors
Correct Answer: (B)
Q59. Global folklore perspectives challenge
(A) Cultural essentialism
(B) Cultural diversity
(C) Ethical research
(D) Fieldwork
Correct Answer: (A)
Q60. Comparative folklore should treat difference as
(A) Deficiency
(B) Cultural variation
(C) Error
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q61. Transcultural folklore refers to
(A) Isolated traditions
(B) Traditions shaped by multiple cultures
(C) Fixed folklore
(D) Canonical texts
Correct Answer: (B)
Q62. Global folklore studies emphasize the role of
(A) Archives only
(B) Living communities
(C) Canon formation
(D) Textual purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q63. Comparative folklore approaches must adapt because
(A) Tradition ends
(B) Cultural contexts change
(C) Texts are fixed
(D) Canon forms
Correct Answer: (B)
Q64. Globalization challenges folklore scholars to
(A) Reject tradition
(B) Rethink boundaries
(C) Fix texts
(D) Eliminate comparison
Correct Answer: (B)
Q65. Contemporary folklore studies emphasize
(A) Stability
(B) Fluidity
(C) Canon
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q66. Comparative folklore should balance
(A) Theory and context
(B) Canon and text
(C) Origin and hierarchy
(D) Diffusion only
Correct Answer: (A)
Q67. Global folklore studies often intersect with
(A) Media studies
(B) Migration studies
(C) Cultural studies
(D) All of the above
Correct Answer: (D)
Q68. Comparative folklore studies highlight
(A) Human commonality and difference
(B) Cultural ranking
(C) Canon formation
(D) Uniform meaning
Correct Answer: (A)
Q69. Global folklore perspectives require scholars to
(A) Avoid ethics
(B) Engage ethically across cultures
(C) Rank traditions
(D) Fix meaning
Correct Answer: (B)
Q70. Comparative folklore today is less concerned with
(A) Cultural hierarchy
(B) Cultural understanding
(C) Ethical practice
(D) Contextual analysis
Correct Answer: (A)
Q71. World folklore studies encourage
(A) Cultural isolation
(B) Cross-cultural dialogue
(C) Canon formation
(D) Uniformity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q72. Comparative folklore must avoid
(A) Contextualization
(B) Universalizing conclusions
(C) Ethical sensitivity
(D) Collaboration
Correct Answer: (B)
Q73. Contemporary folklore includes
(A) Only ancient traditions
(B) Everyday and digital practices
(C) Written canon
(D) Ritual only
Correct Answer: (B)
Q74. Global folklore research challenges scholars to rethink
(A) Performance
(B) Authenticity
(C) Context
(D) All of the above
Correct Answer: (D)
Q75. Comparative folklore emphasizes learning from
(A) Dominant cultures only
(B) Multiple cultural perspectives
(C) Canonical texts
(D) Structural purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q76. Global folklore studies treat folklore as
(A) Static heritage
(B) Living cultural practice
(C) Written tradition
(D) Canon
Correct Answer: (B)
Q77. Comparative folklore research should prioritize
(A) Researcher agenda
(B) Ethical engagement
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structural ranking
Correct Answer: (B)
Q78. Global folklore perspectives highlight the importance of
(A) Single narrative
(B) Plural narratives
(C) Canon formation
(D) Uniform meaning
Correct Answer: (B)
Q79. Comparative folklore recognizes that similarities may arise from
(A) Borrowing only
(B) Multiple processes
(C) Canon formation
(D) Textual purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q80. Contemporary folklore studies emphasize folklore as
(A) Residual culture
(B) Dynamic and evolving
(C) Declining tradition
(D) Canonical text
Correct Answer: (B)
Q81. Global folklore studies stress collaboration to avoid
(A) Community engagement
(B) Extractive research
(C) Documentation
(D) Fieldwork
Correct Answer: (B)
Q82. Comparative folklore helps dismantle
(A) Cultural stereotypes
(B) Cultural diversity
(C) Ethical research
(D) Performance
Correct Answer: (A)
Q83. Global folklore studies encourage respect for
(A) Canonical authority
(B) Cultural difference
(C) Structural purity
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q84. Contemporary folklore includes practices shaped by
(A) Isolation
(B) Media and technology
(C) Canon formation
(D) Fixity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q85. Comparative folklore approaches today are
(A) Rigid
(B) Flexible and reflexive
(C) Hierarchical
(D) Canonical
Correct Answer: (B)
Q86. Global folklore perspectives recognize folklore as
(A) Apolitical
(B) Embedded in power relations
(C) Fixed
(D) Canonical
Correct Answer: (B)
Q87. Comparative folklore research must consider
(A) Text alone
(B) Ethics and power
(C) Canon formation
(D) Origin only
Correct Answer: (B)
Q88. Global folklore studies challenge the notion of
(A) Cultural interaction
(B) Pure traditions
(C) Ethical research
(D) Diversity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q89. Contemporary folklore studies emphasize
(A) Preservation without change
(B) Continuity through change
(C) Fixity
(D) Canon formation
Correct Answer: (B)
Q90. Comparative folklore aims to promote
(A) Cultural domination
(B) Cross-cultural understanding
(C) Canon formation
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q91. Global folklore studies integrate
(A) Only folklore theory
(B) Cultural studies and anthropology
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structuralism only
Correct Answer: (B)
Q92. Comparative folklore challenges simplistic ideas of
(A) Culture
(B) Uniformity
(C) Canon
(D) Structure
Correct Answer: (B)
Q93. Global folklore research emphasizes
(A) Universal meaning
(B) Contextual interpretation
(C) Canonical authority
(D) Textual purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q94. Comparative folklore must be cautious about
(A) Dialogue
(B) Oversimplifying cultural similarities
(C) Ethical engagement
(D) Collaboration
Correct Answer: (B)
Q95. Global folklore studies help scholars understand
(A) Cultural hierarchies
(B) Shared humanity and diversity
(C) Canon formation
(D) Structural purity
Correct Answer: (B)
Q96. Contemporary folklore includes responses to
(A) Modern social issues
(B) Ancient rituals only
(C) Canonical texts
(D) Fixed traditions
Correct Answer: (A)
Q97. Comparative folklore perspectives support
(A) Cultural essentialism
(B) Cultural pluralism
(C) Canon formation
(D) Hierarchy
Correct Answer: (B)
Q98. Global folklore studies emphasize sustainability through
(A) Fixity
(B) Living cultural practices
(C) Canon formation
(D) Archiving alone
Correct Answer: (B)
Q99. Comparative folklore research must remain
(A) Extractive
(B) Reflexive and ethical
(C) Canonical
(D) Hierarchical
Correct Answer: (B)
Q100. Unit 10 of the syllabus primarily focuses on
(A) Indian folk traditions
(B) Comparative, global, and contemporary folklore issues
(C) Fieldwork methods
(D) Structural theories Correct Answer: (B)